مجله سلامت و سالمندی خزر
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to unprecedented psychological stress on people around the world, and in this situation, mental health promotion is too important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the common psychological disorders, people at risk and preventive strategies for psychological disorders during COVID-19.

In this narrative review, electronic databases including SID, Iran Doc, Magiran, Google Scholar، ProQuest، Scopus، Science Direct, Web of Science and PubMed were searched to retrieve articles published from the beginning of 2020 to 31 August 2020 by using  English and Persian keywords such as psychiatric disorders, Covid-19, anxiety disorder, stress disorders and post-traumatic. Inclusion criteria were descriptive, cross-sectional, review, experimental and expert panel studies, and exclusion criteria included letters to the editor, poster or lecture and lack of access to the full text. Totally, 72 of 507 articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated.

Depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were the most common psychological disorders. Other psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, paranoia, panic attacks and sleep disorders were reported more than before the covid-19 outbreak. The elderly people with chronic diseases, woman, people spending too much time thinking about the outbreak, medical and health staff and students as well as relatives of a person with Covid-19 were at high risk of psychological disorders. The most effective preventive strategies were based on virtual training and consulting.

Based on the results, it is suggested that health system officials with early recognition of common psychological disorders and at-risk individuals should prepare care and prevention protocols specific to each group in an operational manner and with a high penetration rate.

Elderly is the result of the natural course of time, leading to physiological, psychological and social changes. Sexual self-efficacy is one of the factors affecting sexual function and marital satisfaction. On the other hand, marital satisfaction improves the quality of life and increases the life expectancy of elderly women. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue and problems of aging, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual self-efficacy and marital satisfaction in elderly women.

This correlational-descriptive study was performed on 129 elderly women of the Jahandidegan Daily Center in Gorgan in 2018. The data were collected using questionnaires of demographic characteristics, female sexual function index and marital satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 via descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The sexual function was 21.8 + 19.3 and marital satisfaction was 53.3 + 11.2. Spearman correlation coefficient test showed a significant relationship (r= 0.43, p< 0.01). Moreover, there was no significant difference between sexual function with age, education, job, blood pressure, diabetes as well as spousechr('39')s blood pressure and diabetes, but there was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and job (P=0.02).

The results of the study indicated that increasing sexual self-efficacy enhanced marital satisfaction. Thus, in order to increase the quality of life and marital satisfaction in elderly women, it is recommended that all counseling and care centers consider training and health care programs related to the sexual health of the elderly in their policies and plans.

One of the consequences of anxiety is a decrease in life satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) in individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of Corona anxiety with life satisfaction and QOL in Iranian adults.

This descriptive- analytical cross-sectional study was performed on adults living in Iran in 2020. Totally, 381 adults were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through "Demographic Information", "Corona Anxiety Scale", "Quality of Life" and "Life Satisfaction" questionnaires via social networks and analyzed in SPSS 16 with independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression.

The mean age of the subjects was 28.74±9.54 years. The means of Corona anxiety (9.82±5.64), life satisfaction (19.86±7.03) and QOL (77.63±13.03) were moderate. Moreover, Corona anxiety had a significant negative relationship with life satisfaction and QOL (p<0.01).

Corona anxiety among Iranian adults has negative consequences on QOL and life satisfaction, so such psychological symptoms related to the Corona pandemic should be identified, and the necessary measures should be taken to combat its consequences.

The elderly are one of the most vulnerable groups facing coronavirus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of green exercises on mental health and cognitive status of the elderly during the coronavirus.

This quasi-experimental and applied study was conducted on the elderly aged 60-75 years in Tabriz. The data were collected using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The experimental group performed green exercise based on the exercise program (three 60-minute sessions per week during 8 weeks). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results showed that green exercises had a significant effect on the mental health and cognitive status of the elderly. The results of this study indicated a significant improvement in general health and cognitive status of older men after a training period, which was significant compared to the control group.

Based on the results, green exercises can be used as a suitable strategy to increase the physical activity of the elderly as well as improve the mental health and cognitive status of the elderly.

Aging is a sensitive and harmful period due to the physiological and psychological changes, and the sensitivity of this period increases through entering the aging period owing to emotional and role deprivation in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on some physiological parameters and mental quality of sleep in the elderly.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a control group using a pre- and post-tests. Participants of the current study were 30 inactive elderly. The standard exercise protocol and Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire were used to conduct the study. Data were analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS23.

The statistical tests showed that the sleep quality scores were not significantly different in the experimental and control groups before exercise intervention and two groups were homogeneous. After exercise intervention, the sleep quality was improved in the experimental group than control group (P=0.05).

An exercise protocol can be effective in improving the mental quality of sleep and some physiological factors of the elderly, and the use of exercise protocol and its implementation can prevent many sleep disorders in the elderly and increase its quality.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly. Adherence to a medication regimen plays an important role in preventing and controlling the effects of this disease. Theory-based training programs have a vital role in changing behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extended parallel process model (EPPM) on adherence to the medication regimen of the type 2 diabetic elderly.

This experimental study was performed on 60 diabetic elderly patients in two experimental and control groups in Gonbad City in 2019 via simple random sampling. The data were collected using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). In the experimental group, six 30-45-minute training sessions were held based on Kim Wittechr('39')s EPPM. The control group received routine care. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with descriptive statistics (table, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test, independent t-test and ANCOVA).

The results showed no significant difference in the experimental and control groups before the intervention (p=0.2), but no significant difference was observed after the intervention (p=0.04). Moreover, ANCOVA indicated a significant difference by removing the effect of pre-test (p=0.004, Eta=0.13) so that 13% of changes in adherence to the medication regimen could be developed based on the implementation of the EPPM.

The results suggested that the EPPM increased adherence to the medication regimen in diabetic elderly patients. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used as a low-cost but effective therapeutic intervention in the education and care of diabetic patients.

Prevention, control or eradication of brucellosis in a country or region requires policy-making as well as accurate epidemiological statistics and information. The aim of this study was to determine some epidemiological indicators and the incidence of human brucellosis during 2009-2017 in Lorestan province.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all patients with brucellosis in Lorestan province, whose disease was diagnosed in 2009-2017. Data on 11140 cases in Lorestan province were analyzed during 9 years.

The highest and lowest incidence of brucellosis was 115.65 in 2015 and 36.53 per 100,000 population in 2010, respectively. The highest incidence was found in Aligudarz during 9-year study, with an incidence rate of 229.78 in 2009 and 166.42 per 100,000 population in 2017. Moreover, the results indicated that the highest cumulative percentage of disease (35.8) was in the age group of 25-44 years. Housewives, ranchers, villagers and males were the most affected. In all studied years, most patients (79.3%) had a history of contact with livestock and the majority of cases used unpasteurized dairy products such as milk.

Increasing awareness and improving the beliefs and behaviors of people, especially housewives, villagers, ranchers and those who deal with livestock or use dairy products can be effective to prevent brucellosis through no consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

The COVID-19 outbreak and stay-at-home orders can cause many physical and psychological problems in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise at home on various aspects of quality of life, blood pressure and abdominal obesity indicators in older men during the COVID-19 quarantine.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 men (65.20±5.35 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n= 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The experimental group performed resistance training for 8 weeks (two sessions per week). At the beginning and end of the training period, abdominal obesity, blood pressure and quality of life of the elderly were assessed and measured according to a questionnaire of the World Health Organization. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution, as well as independent t-test and paired t-test were applied to analyze the data between groups and within groups at a significance level of P<0.05.

Eight-week resistance training at home significantly increased the quality of life, and its components including physical health, mental health, social relationships and environmental health (P≤0.05). Abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference, waist to height ratio and fat percentage also decreased significantly (P≤0.05).

According to the results of the present study, this type of exercise can be suggested to sports specialists and trainers as a suitable training method for the health of the elderly during quarantine.